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Saturday, May 11, 2013
Sunday, April 7, 2013
YOUNG SCIENTIST IN: Basics Science .com
YOUNG SCIENTIST IN: Basics Science .com: We have started a new website on Science visit us at Basics Sicence
Wednesday, December 5, 2012
Why a Spinning Ball changes its path?
Well it is really hard to play a ball that comes spinning as, it sometimes suddenly changes its plane of motion. But what makes it to change its plane of motion in air? This can be answered by Bernoulli equation.
Let’s consider Case i) Where the air around the spinning ball is steady. The ball moves with same velocity in a horizontal direction. But in Case ii) When the air is moving with some velocity, around the spinning ball there is deviation in the plane of motion of the ball. As the figure shows, that the air passing from the A side of the ball has a greater velocity than B side. The speed of the air of A side increases due to the same direction of the motion of spin of the ball and the motion of the air, in other words the air is dragged by the spin of the ball and its speed increases. Whereas side B suffers opposite drag as the direction of motion of the spin of the ball and air is opposite. This reduces its speed. As the speed of the air reduces at B side the pressure at that place increases, similarly, the increased speed of air at A side decreases the pressure at A side. Due to this pressure difference a net force F acts on A side from B side thus causing deviation in the plane of motion.
So, next time when you are facing a spinner ask him to through the ball when the air is steady and calm…!
So, next time when you are facing a spinner ask him to through the ball when the air is steady and calm…!
Tuesday, November 13, 2012
Grignard Reagent
Francois Auguste Victor Grignard prepared and realized the usefulness of organo-magnesium compounds.Grignard’s reagent is an organo metallic compound in which the divalent magnesium is directly linked to an alkyl group and a halogen atom.It is represented as R-Mg-X , Grignard’s reagent is highly reactive.It reacts with numerous organic as well as inorganic compounds.
Preparation :An alkyl halide when treated with magnesium in presence of pure and dry ether forms an alkyl magnesium halide known as Grignard's reagent.
R – X + Mg → R - Mg – X (Alkyl magnesium halide)
(dry ether)
e.g.: Methyl magnesium bromide,ethyl magnesium iodide.
Grignard’s reagent is highly reactive and reacts with any source of proton to give hydro cations.It reacts with water to form alkanes and with carbon di oxide to form carboxylic acid, with one more carbon atom than the carbon atoms present in the Grignard’s reagent reactant.It reacts with carbonyl compound to give complicated alcohols.Also alcohols are produced, when Grignard's reagent is reacted with aldehydes.When they react with ketones they form tertiary alcohols.They also react with amines and alcohols.
Preparation :An alkyl halide when treated with magnesium in presence of pure and dry ether forms an alkyl magnesium halide known as Grignard's reagent.
R – X + Mg → R - Mg – X (Alkyl magnesium halide)
(dry ether)
e.g.: Methyl magnesium bromide,ethyl magnesium iodide.
Transformer
Transformer is a device that increases or decreases the voltage of alternating current.Alternating current is a electric current that regularly reverse its direction.The alternating current transmitted over houses is sometimes excess for devices like charger,electric bulb,etc. and sometimes it is less for devices like x-ray machine which needs 10-5 volts of current.According to the need of device current should be supplied to it,this work of converting high-voltage alternating current from a low-voltage alternating current source or converting low-voltage alternating current from a high-voltage alternating current source.
The transformer works on the principle of mutual induction. Most transformers have two coils wounded separately on a laminated soft-iron core.The two coils are insulated from each other.The coils connected to the source of voltage that has to be changed is called primary winding.It is also called as input voltage.The other coil supplying the output voltage to circuit is called secondary winding or output voltage.When an alternating current is applied to the primary coil, the current through it changes ,so does the magnetic flux through the core changes.Thus an emf is induced in each coil.The amount of magnetic flux linked with coil depends on the number of turns of coil.There are two types of transformers :-
The transformer works on the principle of mutual induction. Most transformers have two coils wounded separately on a laminated soft-iron core.The two coils are insulated from each other.The coils connected to the source of voltage that has to be changed is called primary winding.It is also called as input voltage.The other coil supplying the output voltage to circuit is called secondary winding or output voltage.When an alternating current is applied to the primary coil, the current through it changes ,so does the magnetic flux through the core changes.Thus an emf is induced in each coil.The amount of magnetic flux linked with coil depends on the number of turns of coil.There are two types of transformers :-
- Step Up Transformer : When the magnetic flux linked with secondary coil is greater than the magnetic flux linked with primary coil, the voltage is stepped up. Here, the current in output coil is less than that of input coil.
- Step Down Transformer :When the magnetic flux linked with secondary coil is less than that of the magnetic flux linked with primary coil, voltage is stepped down.Here, the current in output coil is greater than that of current in input coil.Refer to diagram for structure of transformer.
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